MILITARY AND POLITICAL MEASURES TO THE LEADERS OF THE CONQUEST AND THE GOVERNORS IN ANDALUSIA (92-138 AH / 710- 755 AD)

Abstract

It is the era of conquest (92-138 AH / 710-755 AD), in which the role of the leaders Tariq bin Ziyad and Musa bin Nusair emerged in light of the entry of Arab Muslims to the Iberian Peninsula, at whose hands most of the Andalusian cities were conquered, and then the era of governors (95-138 AH / 713- 755 AD), in which the rule of governors who are appointed by an African governor in Morocco began by order of the Umayyad Caliph in Damascus. From the leaders in the era of conquest and the governors in the era of governors, and what they used of arbitrariness, persecution and injustice in light of the conquests and rule of Andalusia in this period, which included the military and political aspects.

The topic of my research came (the military and political arbitrary measures of the conquest leaders and governors in Andalusia), which included several points represented by the arbitrary methods that were represented in the beginnings of the crossing to the Iberian island and the first reconnaissance companies that had a great impact on the development of the conquest plan, and the methods of Tariq bin Ziyad and his killing captives The Goths and the introduction of terror among their ranks, killing them, mutilating their corpses, and the arbitrary punishments inflicted on the Christian army in light of their siege of some cities and the extermination of soldiers and burning them inside churches, And what followed this policy of looting and looting money at the conquest, seizing ammunition and collecting spoils arbitrarily at the conquest of cities, especially when the conquest of Toledo and the seizure of the spoils of the city of Al-Ma’idah, and the consequent injustice that the leaders and rulers inflicted on the people by their arbitrary behavior and terror in their hearts and the destruction of their cities and lands and the looting Their rights, as well as the political abuses taken by the Umayyad caliphs against the leaders of the conquest and the rulers, as well as the Arabs’ abuse of the Berbers, their persecution and the robbery of their rights, and the resulting revolutions and conflicts.